District
Level Electoral Data on the Internet
Compiled by Matthew M.
Singer
Department of Political
Science
The
study of electoral systems and their effects on party system fragmentation has
been held up as one area where systematic accumulation of knowledge has
occurred (Riker 1982). The study of
electoral systems combines specific, falsifiable theories with clear causal
mechanisms (e.g. Duverger 1963, Cox 1997) with an abundance of comparable data
with which to test those theories (e.g. Lijphart 1999, Jones 1995, Taagepera
and Shugart 1993).
Much of the early work on electoral systems effects used data at the
aggregate level to test these propositions, even though the theoretical logic
works most forcefully at the district level (Duverger 1986). Recently, however, district-level tests are
becoming more common (see, for example, Taagepera and Shugart
1993; Cox and Amorim Neto
1997; Moser 1999; Moser and Schneider 2004; Jones 1997; Chhibber
and Kollman 1998, 2004; Gaines 1999).
The purpose
of the current project is to facilitate more district-level studies of
electoral system effects by reducing scholars’ search time for constituency
data. We advance this goal in two ways. The first is to highlight and provide links
to on-line sources of complete electoral results at the constituency
level. This improves on other
elections-results portals by not including sources that only provide results
aggregated at the national level.
Secondly, as time and funds make possible, we will deposit here Excel
files containing recent electoral results.
The data are formatted so that the rows represent districts and parties
(not individual candidates within districts) and the columns representing
support for specific parties. Each file
contains, at a minimum, data on the percentage of valid votes each party
received in each district. Most files
also describe the number of valid votes and seats each party received and, in
many cases, turnout levels in the district.
Each file also contains a measure of electoral fragmentation in each
district, specifically Laakso and Taagepera’s
(1979) number of effective number of electoral parties according to votes
(ENPV). We are in the process of generating codebooks for each of these
elections files; in the meantime, the abbreviations used are taken directly
from the on-line source.
This
list of on-line data sources is limited in two respects. First, obviously countries whose governments
have large presences on the web are more likely to be included. Hence there are many links to European and
American results but fewer results from
When
downloading results from national election authorities, users should be aware
that a number of countries' websites are only compatible with Microsoft
Explorer. So if the links below do not
open or the results do not appear when you click on the appropriate menu, try
it with a different browser. If that does not work or if you suspect that a link is no longer
active, please email me at matthew_singer@duke.edu. We also would welcome feedback on this
reference guide and especially additional websites to include.
Several
other collections of district-level electoral data are cited commonly
below. These resources are summarized here.
Last
updated
|
Country |
Link
to Source
|
Years
for which there is Data |
Notes |
Legislative
Elections Data |
|
|
2001 |
Click on the link for “Parliamentary Elections” and then
for “Results” and then on “Results for Political Parties in Each Election
Zone.” A new window will open and then
you can download the results for each district |
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2002 |
Will download as a PDF File |
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1997-2001 |
In Catalan |
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Anguila |
1999-2000 |
The link for “results” at the bottom of the page links
to a page listing the various districts and the winning candidate; complete
results for each district are then available by clicking on the district
name. |
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1994 |
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1983-2003 |
Click on each province to get the corresponding
results. Also has detailed results of
Presidential and Gubernatorial Elections |
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1991-1999 |
Votes for PJ and Alianza only |
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2003 |
Results Page for the Single Member Districts do not list the candidates’ parties; this information is
available through the “candidates” link. |
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1996-2001 |
More detailed data are also available from the
Commission on CD-Rom |
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1993 |
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1999-2002 |
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1971-1994 |
Votes for Socialist, Liberal, and People’s Party
Candidates Only |
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1993-1994 |
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2002 |
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2001 |
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1966-2003 |
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1976-2003 |
No results for 1991 elections |
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1830-1999 |
Election results are also aggregated at the sub-district
level; also contains results for local elections |
1999, |
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2003 |
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2003 |
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1989-1998 |
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1997 |
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1997-2002 |
National Election results are aggregated at the district
(provincial or SMD) and municipal level; also has results of 1999 municipal
elections |
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1996-2002 |
Drag the mouse over the words “Results (Full Version)”
and a drop down menu will appear to take you to the individual
constituencies. Each individual constituency’s results will then open as a
PDF file |
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1999 |
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1982-2002 |
Also has data for Gubernatorial and Local Elections |
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1990-1998 |
Includes votes for the PMDB, PFL, PT, PSDB, PTB, PDT,
and PPB |
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1990-2001 |
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2002 |
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1964-2000 |
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1997,
2000 |
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Scott
Morgenstern |
1989-1997 |
Includes results for Liberals, Progressive
Conservatives, and the NDP |
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1989-2001 |
Select the election using the drop down menu in the
upper-right hand corner |
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In an MDB file |
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2002 |
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1974-1986 |
Votes for Conservative and Liberal Parties |
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1974-1990 |
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2002 |
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2000 |
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2000-2003 |
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1991-2001 |
2001 results only in Greek. Also has results
of municipal elections for 1986-1996. |
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2002 |
Data aggregated by district, municipality, and polling
place |
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1996-2002 |
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