Overview
This lesson will introduce children to first aid, the injuries which need first aid, and how to prevent these injuries. Four concepts will be introduced: Awareness (how do injuries happen), Prevention (Taking action to keep injuries from happening), Response (Getting help and giving aid), and the Emergency Action Plan (EAP).

Poster
If using the Lesson One Poster, use it to reinforce the ideas of the lesson.

Objectives (What Children Should Know)
1. Explain the difference between an accident and an injury, and know some ways to prevent injuries
2. Explain what awareness, prevention, and response mean.
3. Know the rules of EAP.
4. Know how to give first aid for bleeding , bites, and stings.
5. Demonstrate the Heimlich maneuver.

Being Prepared
1. Ask the students if they ever have been in an accident, and if so, how they felt?
2. Define accident, which is something that may or may not cause harm to the body, and injury, which is harm to the body.
3. Injuries can be prevented by becoming aware of how they happen.

What is an Emergency?

1. An emergency occurs when an injury is very serious.
2. The students will learn how to give first aid in an emergency
3. Emphasize when an injury is serious and when it is not

A. Give examples
B. Give common examples of emergencies and how they can be avoided.

The Emergency Action Plan (EAP)
The EAP is an action plan that should be used whenever there is an emergency. It will help you remember when to get help, how to get help, and what to do until help arrives. Five rules of the EAP are:

I. Stay calm
A. Staying calm helps to allow the observer of the accident to stop, think, and act accordingly in an emergency.
B. Do an activity which will help students understand the first rule. (May be optional due to time constraints).

II. Get Help
A. Get an adult
B. Call 911, or the local emergency number.

1. Children should know that calling an emergency number does not cost any money as long as it is for an emergency.
2. Do an activity to practice a 911 call (This should not be optional)

III. Look at the Scene of the Injury
A. Make sure the scene is safe for you to go near an injured person, and some potential hazards are fire, traffic, electrical wires on the ground, and broken glass.
B. Try to figure out what caused the injury and if others are injured?
C. After gathering information, get help

IV. Look at the Injured Person
A. Examine the injured person and check if he/she is awake, breathing, or bleeding.
B. If person is bleeding heavily or not breathing, get help immediately.

V. Give First Aid (Explained in greater detail later)

First Aid for Specific Injuries
I. Bleeding
A. Bleeding can vary from very small (as in a paper cut), to massive (gun shot).
B. Massive bleeding can lead to death.
C. Demonstrate way to stop bleeding.

1. Gently wash the wound
2. Put on a bandage, or some object to suppress blood flow.
3. Wash your hands
4. If bleeding still doesn't stop, get additional help.

II. Nosebleeds
A. To stop it properly, lean forward and put chin on chest.
B. Squeeze the bone in your nose, and wait till bleeding stops.

III. Bites and Stings
Bites from animals, snakes, and even humans need first aid. Bites can cause infection, and some may even be poisonous (Most likely from snakes). Some bites can cause allergic reactions that can be deadly. Signs of allergic reaction is rapid swelling, difficulty breathing, itching, and skin turning a different color.

A. To avoid bites and stings, treat animals with respect and be careful. Also, wear protective clothing in areas with a high likelihood of insects or snakes.
B. Response for Bites

1. Completely and carefully wash the wound area
2. Control any bleeding
3. Try to identify the animal.
4. Tell an adult immediately.
5. Do not worry about the well-being of the animal, your well-being is much more important.

C. Response for Stings

1. Remove the stinger by scraping it with your fingernail
2. Wash the area with soap and water, and put ice on the area to reduce swelling.

IV. Bruises
A. Bruises are not serious injuries in most circumstances.
B. Just place a cool cloth to remedy pain or swelling.

V. Choking
Choking occurs when someone cannot get air to and out of the lungs due to an obstruction in the air passage. It can be avoided by chewing food well, never putting small objects in your mouth or giving them to younger brothers or sisters, and running with food in your mouth.

A. What to do when you see someone who is choking?

1. Try to keep the person calm.
2. Allow the person to try to cough, but if he/she cannot, then do the Helimach maneuver.
3. Parts of the Helimach maneuver.

a. Stand behind the person and make a fist with one hand and put it just above the navel.
b. Grab the fist with your other hand an pull up and in quickly.
c. Repeat until the person can breathe.

B. Do an activity showing the position needed for the Helimach maneuver. (Do not actually perform it on anyone)

Summary
Summarize what the students have learned for today. If the poster is available, use it to show what the Fox is doing and how it relates to Lesson one.