ESTABLISHED
Groups:
Spartacus-
(died 71 bJC), Thracian gladiator in Rome who led a slave revolt known
as the Third Servile War or Gladiators' War. He won victories at Capua
(73) and in Southern Italy, defeating five Roman armies and entering Cisalpine
Gaul. His soldiers devastated the land and moved south toward Sicily
where they were eventually defeated by Crassus, who, with Pompey's aid,
crucified some 6,000 of the rebels. Spartacus died in battle, his army
holding 3,000 Roman prisoners unharmed.
Sparticists, German political
party of the radical left that broke away from the Social Democrats during
World War 1. Led by Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxembourg, the
Sparticists refused to sustain the war effort and rejected participation
in the post-Versailles republican government. The Sparticists fomented
a number of uprisings, including one in Berlin in 1919 that resulted
in thousands of casualties. Volunteer armies of ex-servicemen were employed
to suppress the movement
The word
Dada symbolizes the most primitive relation to the surrounding reality;
with Dadaism a new reality emerges in its own right. Life appears as a
simultaneous disharmony of noises, colors, and spiritual rhythms, which
becomes subsumed whole into Dadaist art, with all the sensational screams
and fevers of its insolent everyday psyche and with its total brutal reality.
Here lies the sharply marked boundary separating Dadaism from all previous
artistic tendencies, and above all from FUTURISM which until recently some
imbeciles have taken to be a new version of impressionist realization.
Dadaism for the first time stands against an aesthetic attitude towards
life, while tearing to pieces all the slogans of ethics, culture and inwardness,
which are only cloaks for weak muscles.[...] For Dada in Berlin to
be a Dadaist may mean under certain circumstances to be more a busineasman,
more a politician [Parteimann] than an artist [...] I was already analyzing
quite clearly that the only possibility offered to Dadaism in Germany:
a relativist, anti-bourgeois, anti-capitalist and activist Conception of
life, of political and diplomatic intelligence, a manifesto of inquietude
and energy in which art occupied only a minuscule place, which would even
direct itself against art so long as art remained a profit-seeking product
of a compact bourgeois class."
ESTABLISHED
Groups:
April 1918:
Huelsenbeck
publishes the DADA Manifesto . Creation of the
Club DADA.
