Timeline: 1200 - 1800

As we move closer to modern times, we start to see more grape, and thus wine, varieties as wt the exposure of wine to heat would create very stable wines, Madeira, that would last for decades, even after being opened and partially consumed. During this time period there was also much advancement in the realm of cultivation techniques, as well as the development and use of glass bottles as a deliberate means of storage. However, these first bottles had rounded bottoms and were sealed with olive oil and wax. This storage technique required that the wine be stored vertically, limiting the ability to transport the product.