_____________________________________________________________________________________
Department of Biomedical Engineering
Duke University
136 Hudson Hall
Durham, NC 27708
(919) 660-5143
e-mail: a.wax@duke.edu
http://www.duke.edu/~apw2/
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Spectroscopy Lab., Cambridge, MA
Postdoctoral training, August 1999 – August 2002
Advisor: Dr. M. S. Feld
Duke University, Physics Department, Durham, NC
Ph.D. Physics, May 1999, M.A. Physics, May 1996
Dissertation: “Optical Phase Space Distributions for Coherence Tomography”
Advisor: Dr. J. E. Thomas
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY
B.S. Electrical Engineering, cum laude, May 1993
State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY
B.S. Physics, cum laude, May 1993
Assistant Professor, Dept. of Biomedical Engineering
Duke University, Durham, NC
Sept. 2002 – present
Established independent research program in biophotonics based on novel interferometry techniques. Primary research application is early detection of cancer using light scattering and interferometry. Additional research areas include development of optical tools for cell biology applications and novel microscopy techniques.
Faculty, Medical Physics Graduate Program
Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
July 2005 –present
Activities to date have included mentoring graduate students in thesis research.
Postdoctoral Research Associate, Spectroscopy Laboratory
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
Aug. 1999 – Aug.2002
Developed low-coherence interferometry techniques for application to study biophysical properties of cells and tissues. Laboratory of M. S. Feld.
Research Assistant, Physics Department
Duke University, Durham, NC
May 1994 – June 1999
Assisted in creation of new research program to investigate propagation of optical coherence in turbid media. Laboratory of J. E. Thomas.
SUNYA, Albany, NY
Oct. 1990 – Aug. 1991
Executed independent project and assisted graduate students in thesis research. Laboratory of A. Kaloyeros.
First place Duke Startup Challenge
Capers and Marion McDonald Award for Excellence in Teaching and Research
W.H.Coulter Foundation Early Career Award
NSF CAREER Award
Chandran Research Award
ORAU Ralph E. Powe Junior Faculty Enhancement Award
Nomination for Packard Fellowship by Duke University
NIH postdoctoral fellowship
Whitaker Foundation conference fellowship
OSA travel award
Walter Gordy Fellowship
Preparing Future Faculty Fellowship
Teaching Physics Certificate
Membership and Education Services Council, Opt. Soc. Am. (2004-08)
Chairman (2006-2007), Vice-chair (2005), Member (2004)
Board of Directors, Opt. Soc. Am. (2006-07)
Optics in Biology and Medicine Division, Microscopy and OCT group, Opt. Soc. Am.,
Chairman (2007-2009), Vice Chair (2005-2007)
Science & Engineering Council, Opt. Soc. Am., member (2005-2009)
Associate Editor, Applied Optics 1st term 2004-2007, 2nd term 2007-2010
Grant Review for National Science Foundation, National Institutes of Health
Session chair, International Symposium on Biointerface Science, New Berne, NC, May 2005.
CLEO/QELS Technical Program Committee, Long Beach, CA, May 2006.
Photonics West, Biomedical Applications of Light Scattering, Conference Chairman, Jan. 2007.
CLEO/QELS Sub-committee Chairman, Baltimore, MD, May 2007.
Developed new course on modern microscopy at Duke U. BME dept (BME 265.04).
Responsible for all curriculum aspects of core BME instrumentation course at Duke U. (BME 154L/164L).
Created and developed Teaching Physics Certificate program at Duke University.
Lecturer for undergraduate physics courses (M.I.T. and Duke U.).
Teaching assistant for graduate and undergraduate physics courses.
Physics teacher for N.C. School of Science and Math, statewide magnet high school.
Curry, A. C., M. J. Crow and A. Wax, “Molecular imaging of EGFR in live cells with refractive index sensitivity using darkfield microspectroscopy and immunotargeted nanoparticles,” in press J. Biomed Opt. (2007).
Wax, A. and J. W. Pyhtila, “In situ nuclear morphology measurements using light scattering as biomarkers of neoplastic change in animal models of carcinogenesis,” Disease Markers in press (2007).
Kelloff, G. J., D. C. Sullivan, H. Baker, …, A. Wax, et al., “Workshop on imaging science development for cancer prevention and preemption,” Cancer Biomarkers 3, 1-33 (2007).
Chalut, K. J., W. J. Brown, and
A. Wax, “Quantitative phase microscopy with asynchronous digital holography,”
Opt. Express 15, 3047-3052 (2007)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-15-6-3047
Keener, J.D., K. J. Chalut, J. W. Pyhtila, and A. Wax, “Application of Mie theory to determine the structure of spheroidal scatterers in biological materials,” Opt. Lett. 32, pp. 1326-1328 (2007).
Graf., R.N., and A. Wax, “Temporal coherence and time frequency distributions in spectroscopic optical coherence tomography,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 24, 2186-2195 (2007)
Pyhtila J. W., K. J. Chalut, J. D. Boyer, J. Keener, T. A. D’Amico, M. A. Gottfried, F. Gress, and A. Wax “In situ detection of nuclear atypia in Barrett’s esophagus using angle-resolved low coherence interferometry,”. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 65, 487-491 (2007).
Chalut, K.J., L.A. Kresty, J. W. Pyhtila, R. Nines, M. Baird, V. E. Steele, and A. Wax, “In situ assessment of intraepithelial neoplasia in hamster trachea epithelium using angle-resolved low coherence interferometry,” Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 16, 223–7 (2007).
Pyhtila J. W., and A. Wax, “Polarization effects on scatterer sizing accuracy analyzed with frequency-domain angle-resolved low coherence interferometry,” Appl. Opt. 46, 1735-1741 (2007).
Curry, A., G. Nusz, A. Chilkoti and A. Wax, “Analysis of total uncertainty in spectral peak measurements for plasmonic nanoparticle-based biosensors,” Appl. Opt. 46, 1931-1939 (2007).
Hunter, M., V. Backman, G. Popescu, M. Kalashnikov, C. W. Boone, A. Wax, G. Venkatesh, K. Badizadegan, G. D. Stoner and M. S. Feld, "Tissue Self-Affinity and Light Scattering in the Born Approximation: A New Model for Precancer Diagnosis", Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 138102 (2006).
Curry, A. W. L. Hwang, and A. Wax, "Epi-illumin ation through the microscope objective applied to darkfield imaging and microspectroscopy of nanoparticle interaction with cells in culture ," Opt. Express 14, 6535-6542 (2006). http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-14-14-6535
Pyhtila, J. W., H. Ma, A. J. Simnick, A. Chilkoti and A. Wax, “Analysis of long range correlations due to coherent light scattering due from in vitro cell arrays using angle-resolved low coherence interferometry,” J. Biomed. Opt. 11, 034022 (2006).
Braun, K. E., J. D. Boyer, M. H. Henderson, D. J. Katz, and A. Wax, “ Label-free measurement of microbicidal gel thickness using low coherence interferometry,” J. Biomed. Opt. 11, 020504 (2006).
Pyhtila, J. W., J. D. Boyer, K. J. Chalut and A. Wax, "Fourier-domain angle-resolved low coherence interferometry through an endoscopic fiber bundle for light scattering spectroscopy," Opt. Lett. 31, 772-774 (2006).
Graf, R. N. and A.
Wax, "Nuclear morphology measurements using Fourier domain low coherence
interferometry," Opt. Express 13, pp. 4693-4698 (2005),
http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-13-12-4693
Wax, A., Pyhtila, J. W., Graf, R. N., Nines, R., Boone, C. W., Dasari, R. R., Feld, M. S., Steele, V. E., Stoner, G. D., “Prospective grading of neoplastic change in rat esophagus epithelium using angle-resolved low coherence interferometry,” J. Biomed. Opt. 10, 051604 (2005).
Curry, A., G. Nusz, A. Chilkoti, and A. Wax, "Substrate effect on refractive index dependence of plasmon resonance for individual silver nanoparticles observed using darkfield microspectroscopy," Opt. Express 13, 2668-2677 (2005), http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-13-7-2668.
Pyhtila, J. W., Wax, A., “Improved interferometric detection of scattered light using a 4f imaging system,” Applied Optics 44, pp. 1785-1791 (2005).
Chou, D. R., Bower, B. A., Wax, A., “Low-cost, scalable laser scanning module for real-time reflectance and fluorescence confocal microscopy,” Applied Optics 44, pp. 2013-2018 (2005).
Wax, A., “Low Coherence Light Scattering Calculations for Polydisperse Size Distributions,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 25, pp. 256-261 (2005).
Ahn, A., Yang, C., Wax, A., Popescu, G., Fang-Yen, C. Badizadegan, K., Dasari, R. R., and Feld, M. S., “Harmonic Phase Dispersion Microscope with a Mach-Zender Interferometer,” Applied Optics 44, pp. 1188-1190 (2005).
Pyhtila, J. W., and Wax,
A., "Rapid, depth-resolved light scattering measurements using
Fourier domain, angle-resolved low coherence interferometry," Opt. Express
12, 6178-6183 (2004),
http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-12-25-6178
Iwai, H, Fang-Yen, C., Popescu, G., Wax, A., Badizadegan, K., Dasari, R. R., Feld, M. S.,“Quantitative phase imaging using actively stabilized phase-shifting low-coherence interferometry,” Optics Letters 29, pp. 2399-2401 (2004).
Pyhtila, J. W., Graf, R. N.,
Wax, A., “Determining nuclear morphology using an improved angle-resolved
low coherence interferometry system,” Opt. Express 11, pp. 3473-3484
(2003),
http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-11-25-3473
Tunnell JW, Desjardins A, Galindo L, Mirkovic J, McGee SA, Nguyen FT, Zhang Q, Muller M, Wax A, Georgakoudi I, Dasari RR, Feld MS, “Instrumentation for multimodal spectroscopic diagnosis of epithelial dysplasia.,” Technol Cancer Res Treat 2, pp. 505-514 (2003).
Wax, A., Yang, C., Izatt, J.A., “Fourier domain low-coherence interferometry for light scattering spectroscopy,” Optics Letters 28 pp. 1230-1232 (2003).
Wax, A., Yang, C., Müller, M., Nines, R., Boone, C.W., Steele, V.E., Stoner, G.D., Dasari, R.R., Feld, M.S., “In situ detection of neoplastic transformation and chemopreventive effects in rat esophagus epithelium using angle-resolved low-coherence interferometry,” Cancer Research 63, pp. 3556-3559 (2003).
Müller, M.G., Wax, A., Georgakoudi, I., Dasari, R.R., Feld, M.S., “A reflectance spectrofluorimeter for real-time spectral diagnosis of disease,” Rev. Sci. Inst. 73, pp. 3933-3937 (2002).
Wax, A., Yang, C., Backman, V., Badizadegan, K., Boone, C. W., Dasari, R. R., Feld, M. S., “Cellular organization and sub-structure measured using angle-resolved low coherence interferometry,” Biophys. J. 82, pp. 2256-2264 (2002).
Wax, A., Yang, C., Backman, V., Kalashnikov, M., Dasari, R. R., Feld, M. S., “Determination of particle size using the angular distribution of backscattered light as measured with low-coherence interferometry,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 19, pp. 737-744 (2002).
Yang, C., Wax, A., Dasari, R. R., Feld, M.S., “2p ambiguity - free optical distance measurement with sub-nanometer precision using a novel phase-crossing low coherence interferometer,” Opt. Lett. 27, pp. 77-79 (2002).
Backman, V., Gopal, V., Kalashnikov, M., Badizadegan, K., Gurjar, R., Wax, A., Georgakoudi, I., Mueller, M., Boone, C. W., Dasari, R. R., Feld, M. S., “Measuring cellular structure at the sub-micron scale with light scattering spectroscopy,” IEEE J Sel Top Quantum Electron 7, pp. 887-893 (2001).
Yang, C., Wax, A., Badizadegan, K., Dasari, R. R., Feld, M. S., "Phase-referenced interferometer with subwavelength and subhertz sensitivity," Optics and Photonics News 12, p. 36 (2001).
Yang, C., Wax, A., Hahn, M. S., Badizadegan, K., Dasari, R. R., Feld, M. S., “A phase-referenced interferometer with sub-wavelength and sub-Hertz sensitivity applied to the study of cell membrane dynamics,” Opt. Lett. 26, pp.1271-1273 (2001).
Yang, C., Wax, A., Dasari, R. R., Feld, M. S., “Phase dispersion optical tomography,” Opt. Lett. 26, pp.686-688 (2001).
Wax, A., Yang, C., Dasari, R. R., Feld, M. S., “Measurement of angular distributions using low-coherence interferometry for light scattering spectroscopy,” Opt. Lett. 26, pp.325-327 (2001).
Wax, A., Yang, C. H., Dasari, R. R., Feld, M. S., “Path-length resolved dynamic light scattering: modeling the transition from single to multiple scattering,” Appl. Opt. 40 (21), pp. 4222-4227 (2001).
Yang, C. H., Wax, A., Feld, M. S., "Measurement of Anomalous Phase Velocity of Ballistic Light in a Random Medium using a Novel Interferometer," Opt. Lett. 26, pp. 235-237 (2001).
Yang, C. H., Wax, A., Georgakoudi, I., Hanlon, E., Badizadegan, K., Dasari, R. R., Feld, M. S., "Interferometric Phase Dispersion Microscopy," Opt. Lett. 25, pp. 1526-1528 (2000).
Wax, A., Bali, S. and Thomas, J. E., “Time-Resolved Phase-Space Distributions for Light Backscattered from a Disordered Medium,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 85(1), pp. 66-69 (2000).
Yang, C. H., Perelman, L. T., Wax, A., Dasari, R. R., and Feld, M. S., "Feasibility of Field-Based Light Scattering Spectroscopy," J. Biomed. Opt. 5(1) pp.138-143 (2000).
Lee, K. F., Reil, F., Bali, S., Wax, A. and Thomas, J. E., “Heterodyne Measurement of Wigner Distributions for Classical Optical Fields ,” Opt. Lett. 24, pp. 1370-1372 (1999).
Wax, A., Bali, S. and Thomas, J. E., “Optical Phase Space Distributions for Low-Coherence Light,” Opt. Lett. 24, pp. 1188-1190 (1999).
Wax, A., Bali, S. and Thomas, J. E., “Coherence Characterization of Broadband Sources Using Optical Phase Space Contours,” J. Biomed. Opt. 4(4), pp. 482-489 (1999).
Wax, A. and Thomas, J. E. “Measurement of Smoothed Wigner Phase Space Distributions in Multiple Scattering Media,” in Advances in Optical Imaging and Photon Migration, J. G. Fujimoto and M. S. Patterson, Eds., Vol. 21 of OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics (Optical Society of America, Washington, D. C., 1998), pp.348-352.
Wax, A. and Thomas, J. E., “Measurement of Wigner phase space distributions for multiple small angle scattering in a turbid medium,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 15, pp.1896-1908 (1998).
Wax, A. and Thomas, J. E., “Optical heterodyne imaging and Wigner phase space distributions,” Optics Letters, v.21, 1427-9 (1996).
Wax, A. and Thomas, J. E., “Heterodyne measurement of Wigner phase space distributions in turbid media,” in Advances in Optical Imaging and Photon Migration, R. R. Alfano and J. G. Fujimoto, eds., Vol. 2 of OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics (Optical Society of America, Washington, D. C., 1996), pp.238-242.
“Detecting Pre-Cancerous Cells in the Human Esophagus with Angle-Resolved Low Coherence Interferometry,” A. Wax, Workshop on Small Animal Imaging, Duke University, Durham, NC, November 2006
“Detecting Pre-Cancerous Cells in the Human Esophagus with Angle-Resolved Low Coherence Interferometry,” A. Wax, Division of Chemoprevention Colloquium, NIH, Rockville, MD, November 2006
“Development of fLCI (Low Coherence Interferometry) as a Clinical Tool for Detecting Malignancy,” A. Wax, International Diffuse Reflecatance Conference, Chambersburg, PA, August 2006.
“Detecting Pre-Cancerous Cells in the Human Esophagus with Angle-Resolved Low Coherence Interferometry,” A. Wax, NCI Workshop on Imaging Science Development for Cancer Prevention and Preemption, Bethesda, MD, July 2006.
“Detecting Pre-Cancerous Cells in the Esophagus with Angle-Resolved Low Coherence Interferometry,” A. Wax, Endoscopy Research Conference, Duke University, April 2006.
“Biophotonics for early cancer detection,” A. Wax, Sensorsgov conference, Hampton, VA, Dec. 2005.
“Optical Characterization of Nanoparticles for Biosensing Applications,” A. Wax, Fitzpatrick Center Annual Meeting, Duke University, May 2005
“Real-time angle-resolved low-coherence interferometer for detecting pre-cancerous cells” A. Wax, FiO/OSA annual meeting, Rochester, NY Oct. 2004
“Detecting pre-cancerous cells using angle-resolved low coherence interferometry,” A.Wax, Biomedical optics, OSA topical meeting, Miami, FL, Apr. 2004
“Detecting Pre-Cancerous Cells using Light Scattering and Interferometry,” A. Wax, Optics in the Southeast OSA Topical Meeting, U. Central Florida, Orlando, Nov. 2003
“Detecting Pre-Cancerous Cells using Light Scattering and Interferometry,” A. Wax, Fitzpatrick Center Annual Meeting, Duke University, May 2003.
“Probing cell dynamics with low coherence interferometry,” A. Wax, Gordon Research Conference, June 2002.
“Precision low-coherence interferometry for cell biology,” A. Wax, United Engineering Foundation Conference, Banff, Alberta, Canada, 2001.
“Interferometric Phase-Based Biomedical Measurements - Dialogue between a cell-biologist and an optical engineer,” C. Yang and A. Wax, Gordon Research Conference on Lasers in Medicine and Biology, New London, CT, 2000.
“Measurement of Smoothed Wigner Phase Space Distributions for Low Coherence Light in Multiple Scattering Media,” A. Wax and J. E. Thomas, Photonics West, BiOS ’99, San Jose CA, 1999.
“Detecting Pre-Cancerous Cells with Angle-Resolved Low Coherence Interferometry,” A. Wax, Physics Colloquium, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, October 2006
“Detecting Pre-Cancerous Cells with Angle-Resolved Low Coherence Interferometry,” A. Wax, Seminar on Bioengineering, California Institute of Technology, May 2006.
“Detecting Pre-Cancerous Cells with Angle-Resolved Low Coherence Interferometry,” A. Wax, Seminar on Biomedical Engineering, Beckman Laser Institute, UC Irvine, May 2006.
“Detecting Pre-Cancerous Cells in the Esophagus with Angle-Resolved Low Coherence Interferometry,” A. Wax, BioDesign & Bioengineering Seminar, Stanford University, Jan 2006.
“Detecting Pre-Cancerous Cells in the Esophagus with Angle-Resolved Low Coherence Interferometry,” A. Wax, Biomedical Engineering Seminar Series, Northwestern University, Jan 2006.
“Detecting Pre-Cancerous Cells in the Esophagus using Angle-Resolved Low Coherence Interferometry,” A. Wax, Seminar, Dartmouth College/Norris Cotton Cancer Center, July 2004
“Detecting pre-cancerous cells using angle-resolved low coherence interferometry ,” A. Wax, Medical Physics Seminar, Duke Univ., Apr. 2004
“Probing Living Cells with Light Scattering and Low-Coherence Interferometry,” A. Wax, Special Colloquium, University of Arizona, Optical Sciences Department, Apr. 2002.
“Probing Living Cells with Light Scattering and Low-Coherence Interferometry,” A. Wax, Seminar, Duke University, Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Apr. 2002.
“Studying the Living Cell with Light Scattering and Low-Coherence Interferometry,” A. Wax, Applied and Engineering Physics Seminar, Cornell University, March 2002
“Studying the Living Cell with Light Scattering and Low-Coherence Interferometry” A. Wax, Optics Colloquium, University of Rochester, Institute of Optics, Feb. 2002
“Studying the Living Cell with Light Scattering and Low-Coherence Interferometry,” A. Wax, Photomedicine lecture, Wellman Laboratories for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Feb. 2002
“Studying the Living Cell with Light Scattering and Low-Coherence Interferometry,” A. Wax, Colloquium, Ohio State University, Physics Department, Feb 2002
“Studying the Living Cell with Light Scattering and Low-Coherence Interferometry,” A. Wax, Colloquium Vanderbilt University, Physics Department, Feb 2002.
“Studying the Living Cell with Light Scattering and Low-Coherence Interferometry,” A. Wax, Seminar, Case Western Reserve University, Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Feb. 2002.
“Dynamics, Structure, and Organization of Living Cells Observed with Precision Low-Coherence Interferometry,” A. Wax, Rowland Seminar Series, Rowland Institute for Science, Cambridge, MA, 2001.
“A look inside the cell using light scattering and interferometry,” A. Wax, Modern Optics and Spectroscopy Seminar, M.I.T., Cambridge, MA, 2001.
“Precision low-coherence interferometry for cell biology applications,” A. Wax, Journal Club, Rowland Institute for Science, Cambridge, MA, 2001.
“Wigner phase space distributions: watching optical ripples,” A. Wax, Modern Optics and Spectroscopy Seminar, M.I.T., Cambridge, MA, 2000.
Nusz,,G. J., Marinakos, S. M., Chen, S. Nath, N., Curry, A. C., Wax, A., Cheng, X., Guo, L. J. and Chilkoti, A., Invited Chapter for Annual Reviews in Plasmonics 2006, Journal of Plasmonics
Wax, A., Backman, V., Yang, C. H., and Feld, M. S., “Light scattering spectroscopic techniques for examining cellular structure, organization and dynamics,” in Biomedical Optical Imaging, J.G. Fujimoto and D. Farkas, Eds., Oxford University Press in press (2007).
Wax, A., Pyhtila, J. W., Yang, C. H., and Feld, M. S., “Elastic scattering spectroscopy and optical coherence tomography,” in Optical Coherence Tomography: Technology and Applications, W. Drexler and J.G. Fujimoto, Eds., Springer press in press (2007).
Biomedical Applications of Light Scattering, A. Wax and V. Backman, Eds., Proceedings of SPIE Vol. 6446 (SPIE Bellingham, WA, 2007).
Yang, C. H., Wax, A., Perelman, L. T., Dasari, R. R., and Feld, M. S., “Methods and systems using field-based light scattering spectroscopy,” US patent no. 6,847,456
Yang, C. H., Wax, A., and Feld, M. S., “Phase Dispersion Tomography,” US patent no. 6,611,339.
Yang, C. H., Wax, A., Dasari, R. R., and Feld, M.S., “Systems and Measurement for Optical Distance Measurement,” US patent no. 6,934,035
Wax, A., “Fourier Domain Low Coherence Interferometry for Light Scattering Spectroscopy Apparatus and Methods” US patent no. 7,102,758
Fang-Yan, C., Wax, A., Yang, C. H., Feld, M. S., "Actively stabilized phase referenced interferometry," Patent submitted June 2002
Wax, A., Pyhtila, J. W., “Systems and methods for endoscopic angle-resolved low coherence interferometry,” Patent submitted October 2005
- 63 presentations at workshops, national and topical meetings, 21 publications in conference proceedings.