Philonotis calcarea

Philonotis calcarea (Bruch et Schimp.) Schimp. Corollarium Bryologiae Europaeae 86. 1856.
Basionym: Bartramia calcarea Bruch & Schimp., Bryologia Europaea 4: 49. 325 (fasc. 12 Mon. 19. 10). 1842.
Type: In rivulis calcareis Vogesi, Jurassi et Alpium e. a. l. Prope Bipontem et in Hassia superiore prope Biedenkopf (Bruch); prope Fleurier pulcherrime legit Jurrasi investigator indefessus L. Lesquereux; ipsi, cum amicis Blind et Mühlenbeck, in Speluga Rhaetiae Augusto 1839 copiose et capsulis onustam legimus. (lectotype: Splugen, 1839, BM! ex herb. Bruch, designated by Buryová 2004. Syntypes: Bipontim, s.n., s.d., BM!))

Description:
Plants robust, sometimes incrusted with CaCO3. Stems up to 20 cm long. Deciduous branches rare. Leaves up to 3 mm long, straight or secund, flat or more often plicate; ovate-lanceolate to triangular-lanceolate, always longly acuminate; margin plane or folded to recurved, with double teeth in lower part and sharp single teeth in upper part. Costa strong, up to 20% leaf width; yellow-brown or pale at base (not red); only shortly excurrent. Lower leaf cells rectangular, pale, with thin or thick cell walls, long, 50-80(100) × 12-22 um, in apex narrower. Papillae often inconspicuous in lower lamina cells.

Dioicous, perichaetia discoid. Perichaetial leaves narrowly triangular, acuminate. Seta straight. Capsules inclined, furrowed when dry. Peristome double, exostome with interlamellary thickenings. Spores 21-25(30) um.

Ecology:
In fens, wet meadows, wet ditches, in springs and stream banks, on tuffs in limestone areas from lowland to alpine regions.

Distribution:
Europe; Asia: SW, the Himalayas, Tibet; North Africa, Azores, The Canary Islands.

Variation:
Size of plants; leaf curvature; margin recurvature; to less extent the costa thickeness.

Possible confusions:
P. fontana (obtuse perichaetial leaves, abruptly narrowed leaves, smaller cells with more abundant chloroplasts);
P. caespitosa (finer plants, leaves with ovate leaf base, narrow costa, flat and more abruptly narrowed lamina, rather than more triangular-ovate base, longly acuminate apex. Smaller cells; however, in stem and poorly developed leaves cells can be enlarged, such cells are always thin-walled and polygonate.).

Exssicates:
Rabenhorst-Bryotheca Europaea No. 130, No. 176, No. 817, No. 1117 [all DUKE];
Husnot-Musci Galliae No. 382, No. 531 as P. caespitosa, No. 238 in mixture with P. fontana as P. fontana [DUKE];
Bauer- Musci Europaei Exsiccati No. 1137 [BP, PRC], No. 1138 [PRC], No. 1392 [PRC], No. 1393 [BP, PRC], No. 1643 as P. marchica [BP];
Bauer-Musci Europaei et Amer. Exsiccati No. 1845 [PRC];
Lisowski-Bryotheca Polonica fasc. XXII No. 591, fasc. XXVI No. 688 [all BP];
Ochyra-Musci Poloniae Exsiccati No. 350, No. 645,
Ochyra et Bednarek-Ochyra No. 755 [all BP];
Musci Macroregioni meridionali Poloniae Exsiccati fasc X No. 281 [PRC], fasc XXII No. 583 [PRC], fasc. XXXII No.890 [BP].

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