Philonotis seriata

Philonotis seriata Mitt., Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society, Botany, Supplement 1: 63. 1858 (1859).
Type: In Helvetia, leg. Schleicher; In Brittania boreali in monte Ben-na-Bourd, leg. W. Gardiner. Lectotype: Scotland, Ben na Bourd, 7/1844 leg. W. Gardiner (NY!, Ochi 1962); syntype: Helvetia, In udis alpinis, leg. Schleicher (NY!)

Synonyms:
P. adpressa Fergusson, Memoirs of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Manchester ser. 3 5: 102. 1872 (Type: Glen Prossen, Clova, and various other places in the Clova district, leg. J.Fergusson; Glas Mheal, Pertshire, at an elevation of 2500 feet, leg. G.E.Hunt; BM!)

Description:
Plants small to robust; erect to creeping; in loose to compact tufts or rarely floating in streams. Stems (0,6)0,7-1(1,1) mm wide. Deciduous branches produced rarely in disturbed habitats. Well developed stems with erecto-patent, keeled and spirally arranged leaves; in sparsely foliated water forms leaves are patent, slightly keeled, with percurrent costa. Leaves straight to falcate, up to 2 mm long; flat or usually plicate; triangular, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, longly acuminate and abruptly pointed; margin plane or folded, with double teeth strongly developed. Costa strong, up to 20% leaf width; red at base; prominent and amply mamilose at back; shortly to longly excurrent. Lower leaf cells rectangular to polygonate, rather short, 15-35 x 8-12um, in apex narrower. Papillae often shifted towards middle in lower lamina cells.

Dioicous, perigonia discoid. Perigonial leaves triangular, obtuse, with diffused or well delimited costa. Seta straight. Capsule inclined, furrowed when dry. Peristome double. Spores 18-24 um.

Ecology:
Montane acidophilous species in springs, along streams, on soil in wet road banks, on other mosses in streams above the water level.

Distribution:
Europe; Asia: N, Middle, SW, China; North Africa; North America: Greenland.

Variation:
Size, leaf shape, water forms and spring leaves often with broad triangular leaves and percurrent costa.

Possible confusions:
P. fontana (costa narrower with smaller papillae at back; cells longer, papillae not shifted towards middle of cells).
Also P.yezoana, although distribution areas of both species do not overlap.

Exssicates:
Brotherus-Bryotheca Fennica No.166 [DUKE];
Husnot-Musci Galliae No. 469 as P. rigida, No. 831 [all DUKE];
Rabenhorst-Bryotheca Europaea No. 1210 as P. fontana var. falcata [DUKE];
Bauer-Musci Europaei Exsiccati No. 461, No. 462 [all BP];
Boros-Plantae Hungariae Exsiccatae (s.nr.). [BP];
Bryophyta Čechoslovaca Exsiccata PRC, ser. IV, No. 184 [BP];
Bryotheca Polonica Fasc. XIV No. 392 [BP, PRC], fasc. XXII No. 589, fasc. XXVIII No. 735 [both BP];
Zmuda i Wisniewski-Bryotheca Polonica, no. 127 [BP].

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