District Level Electoral Data on the Internet

Compiled by Matthew M. Singer

Department of Political Science

Duke University

The study of electoral systems and their effects on party system fragmentation has been held up as one area where systematic accumulation of knowledge has occurred (Riker 1982). The study of electoral systems combines specific, falsifiable theories with clear causal mechanisms (e.g. Duverger 1963, Cox 1997) with an abundance of comparable data with which to test those theories (e.g. Lijphart 1999, Jones 1995, Taagepera and Shugart 1993). Much of the early work on electoral systems effects used data at the aggregate level to test these propositions, even though the theoretical logic works most forcefully at the district level (Duverger 1986). Recently, however, district-level tests are becoming more common (see, for example, Taagepera and Shugart 1993; Cox and Amorim Neto 1997; Moser 1999; Moser and Schneider 2004; Jones 1997; Chhibber and Kollman 1998, 2004; Gaines 1999).

The purpose of the current project is to facilitate more district-level studies of electoral system effects by reducing scholars’ search time for constituency data. We advance this goal in two ways. The first is to highlight and provide links to on-line sources of complete electoral results at the constituency level. This improves on other elections-results portals by not including sources that only provide results aggregated at the national level. Secondly, as time and funds make possible, we will deposit here Excel files containing recent electoral results. The data are formatted so that the rows represent districts and parties (not individual candidates within districts) and the columns representing support for specific parties. Each file contains, at a minimum, data on the percentage of valid votes each party received in each district. Most files also describe the number of valid votes and seats each party received and, in many cases, turnout levels in the district. Each file also contains a measure of electoral fragmentation in each district, specifically Laakso and Taagepera’s (1979) number of effective number of electoral parties according to votes (ENPV). We are in the process of generating codebooks for each of these elections files; in the meantime, the abbreviations used are taken directly from the on-line source.

This list of on-line data sources is limited in two respects. First, obviously countries whose governments have large presences on the web are more likely to be included. Hence there are many links to European and American results but fewer results from Africa. Second, language limitations generally limit our ability to identify election results on web pages where text is displayed in English or one of the Romance languages. Hence additional electoral resources (especially those from Asia) may be available from some of the sites listed below or other election results sources (like Manuel Álvarez-Rivera's site Election Resources on the Internet) through their non-English windows.

When downloading results from national election authorities, users should be aware that a number of countries' websites are only compatible with Microsoft Explorer. So if the links below do not open or the results do not appear when you click on the appropriate menu, try it with a different browser. If that does not work or if you suspect that a link is no longer active, please email me at matthew_singer@duke.edu. We also would welcome feedback on this reference guide and especially additional websites to include.

Several other collections of district-level electoral data are cited commonly below. These resources are summarized here.

Last updated February 13, 2004

Country	Link to Source	Years for which there is Data	Notes	Legislative Elections Data
Albania	Central Election Commission	2001	Click on the link for “Parliamentary Elections” and then for “Results” and then on “Results for Political Parties in Each Election Zone.” A new window will open and then you can download the results for each district
American Samoa	Election office	2002	Will download as a PDF File
Andorra	Government of Andorra	1997-2001	In Catalan	2001
Anguila	Elections Anguila	1999-2000	The link for “results” at the bottom of the page links to a page listing the various districts and the winning candidate; complete results for each district are then available by clicking on the district name.	2000
Antigua and Barbuda	Political Database of the Americas, Georgetown University	1994		1994
Argentina	Andy Tow's Election Atlas	1983-2003	Click on each province to get the corresponding results. Also has detailed results of Presidential and Gubernatorial Elections
	Scott Morgenstern	1991-1999	Votes for PJ and Alianza only
Armenia	Central Election Commission	2003	Results Page for the Single Member Districts do not list the candidates’ parties; this information is available through the “candidates” link.
Australia	Australian Election Commission	1996-2001	More detailed data are also available from the Commission on CD-Rom
	Lijphart Election Archive	1993
Austria	Adam Carr's Election Archive	1999-2002
	Scott Morgenstern	1971-1994	Votes for Socialist, Liberal, and People’s Party Candidates Only
	Lijphart Election Archive	1993-1994
Bahamas	Fred Mitchell	2002		2002
Bangladesh	Bangladesh Election Commission	2001		2001
Barbados	cohobblopot.org	1966-2003		2003
	Caribbean Education.com	1976-2003	No results for 1991 elections
Belgium	Vrije Universiteit Brussel	1830-1999	Election results are also aggregated at the sub-district level; also contains results for local elections	1999, 2003
	Dutch Federalism Portal	2003
Belize	Elections and Boundaries and Commission	2003		2003
Bermuda	parliamentary registry	1989-1998		2003
Bolivia	Corte Nacional Electoral	1997
	Corte Nacional Electoral	1997-2002	National Election results are aggregated at the district (provincial or SMD) and municipal level; also has results of 1999 municipal elections
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Election Commission of Bosnia and Herzegovina	1996-2002	Drag the mouse over the words “Results (Full Version)” and a drop down menu will appear to take you to the individual constituencies. Each individual constituency’s results will then open as a PDF file
Botswana	Independent Electoral Commission	1999
Brazil	Jairo Marconi Nicolau, IUPERJ	1982-2002	Also has data for Gubernatorial and Local Elections	2002
	Scott Morgenstern	1990-1998	Includes votes for the PMDB, PFL, PT, PSDB, PTB, PDT, and PPB
Bulgaria	University of Essex	1990-2001		2001
Burkina Faso	Commission Electorale Nationale Indépendante	2002		2002
Canada	Library of Parliament	1964-2000		2000
	Elections Canada	1997, 2000
	Scott Morgenstern	1989-1997	Includes results for Liberals, Progressive Conservatives, and the NDP
Chile	Ministry of Interior	1989-2001	Select the election using the drop down menu in the upper-right hand corner	2001
	Tom Mustillo		In an MDB file
Colombia	Registraduria del estado civil	2002		2003
	Scott Morgenstern	1974-1986	Votes for Conservative and Liberal Parties
	Lijphart Election Archive	1974-1990
Costa Rica	Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones	2002		2002
Côte d'Ivoire	Commission Nationale Electorale	2000
Croatia	State Election Commission	2000-2003		2003
Cyprus	http://kypros.org/Elections/	1991-2001	2001 results only in Greek. Also has results of municipal elections for 1986-1996.	1996
Czech Republic	Czech Statistical Office	2002	Data aggregated by district, municipality, and polling place	2002
	University of Essex	1996-2002
Denmark	Adam Carr's Election Archive	2001
Djibouti	Minister of Information	2003	Click on elections page and then on the document numbered "ADI/DJIB/3581/ 2246MOTS" for results by polling place and district
Dominica	VirtualDominica.com	2000		2000
	Cakafete Inc.	1995
Dominican Republic	Junta Central Electoral	1962-2002	Results of local elections also available	2000
	Lijphart Election Archive	1986
Ecuador	Tribunal Supremo electoral	2002	Results of local elections also available; data compiled at several levels of aggregation (including the gender of the voter)
El Salvador	Tribunal Supremo Electoral	2003		2001
Estonia	Estonian National Electoral Commission	1992-2003		1999
	University of Essex	1992-1999
Finland	Statistics Finland	1995-2003	Results of local elections also available	2003
France	Le Figaro	1993-2002
	Ministry of Interior	2002
Germany	Federal Returning Officer	1994-present	While district-level results extend only to 1994, has results aggregated at the level of Lander since 1949.
	Scott Morgenstern	1957-1987	The results from 1957-1979 are available only for the Lander Tier; results are for CDU, SDP, and FDP.
Ghana	Electoral Commission of Ghana	1996-2000	Constituencies grouped by region. This site was down as of Jan 12, 2004 but the data on the right was compiled from it.	2000
Greece	Adam Carr's Election Archive	1996-2000	1996 results are implicit in the comparison to 2000. Greek only sites listed at www.electionresources.org
Grenada	spiceisle.com	1976-1999		1999
	Spiceisle.com	2003
Guatemala	Tribunal Supremo Electoral	1999-2003	By district and municipality, includes local election results
Honduras	Tribunal Nacional Electoral	1980-2001	After selecting the election of interest, the results are available as an Excel Spreadsheet by clicking on the link for “Planilla de Diputados Electos.” Results are tabulated by district or by municipality for elections for president, congress, and local corporations.	2001
Hungary	Ministry of Interior	1998-2002		1998: SMD, MMD, National District
	University of Essex	1990-1994
	David Benoit	1990-1998
Iceland	Parliament	2003
India	Indian Electoral Commission	1998-1999	Results presented as a PDF or from individual districts
Ireland	Ciaran Quinn	1982-2002	Includes graphical results of each count of the STV process that my students have found very helpful
Israel	The Knesset	1951-2003
Italy	Direzione Centrale dei Servizi Elettorali	1992-2002	In Italian; downloadable as zip files
	Scott Morgenstern	1972-1983	Contains results for Christian Democrat, MSI, Communist, Liberal, Social democrat, and Socialist Parties.
Jamaica	Electoral Office of Jamaica	1944-1997		1997
	Jamaican Elections.com	1997, 2002	click on archive section since portal opens to results of 2003 local elections
Japan	Lijphart elections archive	1958-1990
	Scott Morgenstern	1974-2000	1974-1990 period is LDP votes only
Kazakhstan	Central Electoral Commission	2002	Only for Senate, Excel Spreadsheet that the program extracts is not in English
Kiribati	Adam Carr's Election Archive	2002	Note: no parties in the country
Kuwait	Adam Carr's Election Archive	2003	Data by candidate but no data on partisanship
Latvia	Central Election Commission	2002	On the map above the results, each of the 5 districts is labeled and serves as a link to the results.	2002
Lebanon	Libanvote	1927-2000	Has results for all ethnic seats back to 1927.
Lesotho	Independent Electoral Commission	2002
Liechtenstein	Adam Carr's Election Archive	2001		2000
Lithuania	Central election committee	1996-2002	Click on links under "Lietuvos Respublikos Seimo rinkimai" and then on subsequent link to get English version of the page
	University of Essex	1992-2000
Luxembourg	Centre Informatique de l'Etat	1994-1999	Has election results at the sub-district level as well	1999
Malawi	Malawi Electoral commission	1999	Also has district-level results for 1994 presidential elections	1999
Malta	Department of Information	1996-2003	For 2003 elections includes tallies of all votes, not just first preference votes
	Lijphart Elections Archive	1921-1996
Marshall Islands	Adam Carr's Election Archive	1999-2003
Mauritius	Adam Carr's Election Archive	2000
Mexico	Instituto Federal Electoral	1991-2003	Data aggregated by district, state, or municipality
	Scott Morgenstern	1997-2000	Has results for PAN, PRI, and PRD
Micronesia (Federated States of)	Adam Carr's Election Archive	1999, 2003	2001 elections list winners only
Monaco	Adam Carr's Election Archive	1999-2003		1999
Nauru	Adam Carr's Election Archive	2003	Note Carr's how votes are counted under Nauru's preferential voting rules.
Nepal	Election Commission	1994-1999
Netherlands	www.sp.nl	1994-1998
	www.sp.nl	2002-2003
New Zealand	Elections New Zealand	2002
Nicaragua	Consejo Supremo Electoral	2001	Data at level of departments. The results of the national districtare under diputados nacionales, while the results of the MMD's are listed as diputados departmentales. "Diputados Parlecen” are the results of elections to the Central American Parliament.	2001
Niger	Independent National Electoral Commission	1999
Nigeria	Independent National Electoral Commission	2003		2003
Norway	Statistics Norway	2001	By county and municipality
Pakistan	Adam Carr's Election Archive	2002
Panama	Tribunal Electoral de Panama			1999
Papua New Guinea	Electoral Commission	2002	Due to the large number of independents that contest elections in PNG, electoral support for independent candidates are tabulated in their own file to the right.	2002: Partisan Candidates; Independent candidates
Paraguay	Tribunal Superior de Justicia Electoral	1996-2001	Click on "Elecciones"
Peru	Oficina Nacional de Procesos Electorales	1890	District level results start with modern elections but has aggregate vote totals for all elections back to 1890	2001
Poland	Electoral Commission	2001	All in polish-gives votes for candidates within party lists	1997
	University of Essex	1991-2001
Portugal	National Parliament	1997-2002	Has district, county, and town level results for legislative, executive, and legislative elections since 1997.	1999
	Lijphart Election Archive	1975-1991
Puerto Rico	Manuel Álvarez-Rivera's Election Resources on the Internet	1932-2001	Has results of statewide and local elections in CSV format
Republic of Moldova	Central Electoral Commission	1994-2001	Moldova uses a single national district
Romania	Central election bureau	1996	Districts are the counties	1996, 2000
Romania	University of Essex	1990-2000
Russian Federation	University of Essex	1993-1999
	Central Election Commission	2003	This link opens to the SMD seats (results open by selecting them by name under the map). The links to the MMD are on the left. The SMD results are also available in an excel file in Russian here
Saint Kitts and Nevis	The St. Kitts Bee	1993-2000	This site was down as of Jan 12, 2004 but the data available for download on the right was compiled from it.	2000
Saint Lucia	Government of Saint Lucia	2001		2001
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	Adam Carr's Election Archive	2001		2002
	Lijphart Elections Archive	1957
Samoa	Adam Carr's Election Archive	2001		2001
San Marino	Elezioni Politiche	2001	By Castello and then seggio (By seat )
	Elezioni Politiche	1998	By Castello and then seggio
Serbia and Montenegro	Center for Free Elections and Democracy	1997-2002	Has election results at the municipal level for every election since 1992 as well as statistical data about each municipality's characteristics.
Serbia and Montenegro	Center for Free Elections and Democracy	1992-97	Has election results at the municipal level for every election since 1992 as well as statistical data about each municipality's characteristics.
Sierra Leone	Adam Carr's Election Archive	2002
Singapore	Elections Department	1955-2001
Slovakia	Central Election Commission	1990-2002	More details are available through the Slovak language portal	1994
	University of Essex	1994
Slovenia	Republic Electoral Commission	1992-2000	Data available for MMD or at more disaggregated levels	2000
Solomon Islands	Adam Carr's Election Archive	2001
South Africa	Independent Electoral Commission	1994-2000	Also has local election results	1999
	Manuel Álvarez-Rivera's Election Resources on the Internet	1994-2000	Also has election results and election maps
Spain	Ministry of the Interior	1977-2000	Has data at municipal, provincial, and regional level for all elections since 1977
	Scott Morgenstern	1982-1996	Has results for Socialist, Conservative, and Communist Parties
	Lijphart Election Archive	1982-1989
Sri Lanka	Commissioner of Elections	2000-2001	Also 2002 local elections
Sweden	National Election Authority	1994-2002		1998, 2002
	Statistics Sweden	1994-2002	Has data available at constituency and municipal elections since 1994, has national data available since 1910. Click on “tidigare val” and then “historiska valresultat.” On the new window that opens, “Huvudresultat” and then “Riksdagsval: Röstberättigade, röstande och valsedlars fördelning efter parti, valkretsvis”. The Excel sheets are titled in Swedish but have English subtitles when you download them.
Switzerland	Swiss Federal Statistical Office	1995-2003	Data available for previous elections form the cantons who, as in the U.S. are who supervise elections.	1999
Taiwan	Scott Morgenstern	1998-201	Has results for KOUM, NP, and DPP.
	Lijphart Election Archive	1992
Timor-Leste	Adam Carr's Election Archive	2002
Thailand	Lijphart Election Archive	1995
Trinidad and Tobago	Trinidad and Tobago News	2002		2002
	Lijphart Elections Archive	1995
Turkey	Parliament	1950-1999	Click on "Seçim Çevresi" to get to the list of provinces/districts and then click on them individually
	Lijphart Election Archive	1995
Tuvalu	Adam Carr's Election Archive	2002
Ukraine	Central Electoral Commission	1994-2000	Has results for candidates in SMD and MMD tier
	University of Essex	1994-1998
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	The Electoral Commission	2001-2003	Includes results of elections to the Welsh and Scottish parliaments.	2001
	Scott Morgenstern	1955-1987	Has results for Conservative, Liberal, Labour, and Other parties
Uruguay	Scott Morgenstern	1984-1999	Focuses on the major lema within each party
United States of America	Federal Elections Commission	1996-2002	Includes primary election results	2002
Vanuatu	Adam Carr's Election Archive	1998-2002		2002
Venezuela	Scott Morgenstern	1958-1983	Has results for COPEI and AD
Zambia	Electoral Commission of Zambia	1991-2001	PDF; available for Presidential, parliamentary, and local elections
Zimbabwe	NinerNet Communications	2000	2002 presidential election results by constituency also available from www.zesn.org.zw